2016-2018 Bachelor of Marine Science in Ocean University of China 2018-2019 Bachelor of Marine and Antarctic Science in University of Tasmania 2019-2020 Honours student of University of Tasmania and Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies

Numerous recent studies have focussed on the damaging effects of extreme oceanic temperatures. Episodes of unusual warmth, dubbed ‘marine heatwaves’, can persist for periods of several days or months. They can cause coral bleaching, and sea grass and kelp die-back, amongst a host other negative impacts on marine ecosystems. Marine heatwaves are expected to increase in frequency, duration, and intensity under global warming. Less studied, though equally significant for ecosystems, are marine cold spells.