Deep ocean reefs are likely to transform with global warming bringing together species from temperate and tropical waters that may have never coexisted before, according to new research published in Nature Climate Change.
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CLEX researchers find that ocean sea-ice models generally agreed on changes to average yearly cycle of freeze and melt in Antarctica, with dynamic processes dominating the sea ice edge and thermodynamic processes dominating the interior of the sea ice pack. However, the models disagreed about the trends of sea ice volume.
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Forecasting El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and anticipating how they may change with global warming remains a significant challenge for climate researchers. An ENSO complexity workshop held in November 2017 produced a follow-up paper summarising what we know about ENSO and its predictability.
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The Central American mid‐summer drought (MSD) is the decline in rainfall during the middle of the wet season over Central America, which has been shown to have strong effects on agriculture and bushfires in Costa Rica. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) has been shown to influence Costa Rican rainfall on intra‐seasonal time scales, and therefore may be important to the MSD. This research aims to find the connection between the MJO and MSD.
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CLEX researchers found that counter-clockwise rotating eddies in the Southern Ocean mix the ocean deeper in winter, allowing more nutrients to enter their interiors, leading to higher productivity. This work is important because eddy productivity plays a significant role in the exchange of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere.
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It is hoped this proposed synthesis of two ENSO structures, their interaction with each other and how they respond to external forcing, will be the catalyst for future research and practical applications for forecasting and determining the impacts of present and future ENSO events.
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This study highlights the importance of simulating global and regional warming responses correctly, to enable more accurate estimates of how the occurrence probability of climate extremes may change in a warming climate.
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Over four years, the Norwegian Polar Institute’s (NPI) Ocean and Sea Ice team used the social media handle @oceanseaicenpi across Instagram, Twitter and Facebook to communicate its research to peers and the public.
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When Chilean researcher Dr Erasmo Macaya from Universidad de Concepción and Centro IDEAL stumbled upon foreign kelp washed up on an Antarctic beach, he knew he had found something significant. Research by an international, multidisciplinary team of scientists reveals just how important that finding was.
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In relation to the Paris Agreement targets of 1.5°C and 2°C, new research shows the differences in results between pattern-scaling and climate model output were primarily due to forcings other than changes to greenhouse gas emissions.
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Research brief: How heat in the Indian Ocean moves between the ocean and atmosphere
Research brief: Wind changes over the Southern Ocean impact its capacity to take up carbon and heat
Research brief: Future directions for the Indian Ocean Observing System
Research brief: Tagged seals unlock secrets of eddy driven transport in Antarctica
